cuatro.step one EHS through the 1951–1980

The only EHS covering at least three stations during the first half of the 60-year study period occurred in 1972. Observed at 16 stations, it covered vast areas of western Russia and some adjacent areas to the north (Fig. 1). Indeed, this exceptionally hot summer was spatially the second largest during the study period and in the northern half of the area examined it was the hottest (Table 4). During all three summer months, the average temperature was above the long-term average, but August was the hottest. In the central part of the area, this was the hottest August of the entire period. The temperature difference between the long-term average and the temperature of the particular season ranged from 2.3 to 2.7 °C in the far north, to 3.6–3.9 °C in the far south, to 4.5 °C at Tambov (t ? t _av + 3?). Days with a temperature higher than 30 °C were recorded even in the north, where they were very rare in other years, while in the south there were 50 such days (two to three times more than AsianDate-kuponkeja the average). In the south, there were also days with a maximum temperature greater than 35 °C. Throughout the area there were cases of hot nights, i.e., 24-h days with a minimum temperature higher than 20 °C, including for example six such days in Arhangel’sk (compared to 0.4 on average) and 17 in Voronez (normally 2.6).

Such strange thermal defects in the western Russia had been for the reason that a great quasi-fixed anticyclonic movement (Bardin 2007). Present lookup (Zveryaev ainsi que al. 2012) implies that the summertime regarding 1972 are characterised by confident stage of your Northern Atlantic Oscillation.

4.dos EHS throughout 1981–1990

The brand new exceptional summer associated with the year covered the latest main and you will eastern elements of European Russia (Fig. 2). The fresh new EHS is observed during the eight stations, including the easternmost Ivdel’ (in which it absolutely was the only including june inside months) and Ekaterinburg. In the Kirov and Perm, it was the hottest summer of your own months. The common heavens heat along side area was greater than the latest long-label mediocre by the dos.5–step 3.step three °C. Heat is actually more than the new much time-identity mediocre throughout about three summer months, but August is the only exceptionally sizzling hot week and simply within 50 % of all the station (like the preferred of whole period inside the Ivdel’, Ekaterinburg and you can Perm), if you find yourself June and you can July didn’t meet with the criterion. There was numerous weeks having a max temperature greater than 31 °C, especially in the fresh southern area (20–twenty-five, an average of nine–11). Simply regarding the southwestern area of the area, there were weeks having lowest temperatures surpassing 20 °C (Desk 5).

Summer time from 1988 is actually extremely hot and, as in 1981, air heat defects protected central and you can eastern parts of European Russia, although the affected area was faster involving merely five station (Fig. 2). When you look at the three northern programs, this was the latest, along with possible away from Kotlas, as well as the only EHS about study months. The difference between an average long-name and the EHS average temperature ranged from dos.step 3 to three.step one °C along side area. July proved eg scorching (within some programs the hottest of the several months). Just from inside the Ekaterinburg performed the temperatures avoid short of appointment the new criteria in just about any of weeks. There were more ten weeks having an optimum temperatures more than 31 °C whatsoever the programs, plus in the fresh southern, the quantity is almost 20 (than the between about three and you may half a dozen on average). Just remote instances of weeks which have at least temperatures over 20 °C was in fact registered about southern area of the affected region (Dining table 5).